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<meta name="description" content="适配器模式  适配器模式（Adapter Pattern）是作为两个不兼容的接口之间的桥梁。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它结合了两个独立接口的功能。 这种模式涉及到一个单一的类，该类负责加入独立的或不兼容的接口功能。举个真实的例子，读卡器是作为内存卡和笔记本之间的适配器。您将内存卡插入读卡器，再将读卡器插入笔记本，这样就可以通过笔记本来读取内存卡。 我们通过下面的实例来演示适配器模式的使用。其中，音频播放器设备只能播放 mp3 文..">
		
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			<h1>适配器模式</h1>

<p>适配器模式（Adapter Pattern）是作为两个不兼容的接口之间的桥梁。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它结合了两个独立接口的功能。</p>
<p>这种模式涉及到一个单一的类，该类负责加入独立的或不兼容的接口功能。举个真实的例子，读卡器是作为内存卡和笔记本之间的适配器。您将内存卡插入读卡器，再将读卡器插入笔记本，这样就可以通过笔记本来读取内存卡。</p>
<p>我们通过下面的实例来演示适配器模式的使用。其中，音频播放器设备只能播放 mp3 文件，通过使用一个更高级的音频播放器来播放 vlc 和 mp4 文件。</p>

<h2 class="tutheader">介绍</h2>
<p><b>意图：</b>将一个类的接口转换成客户希望的另外一个接口。适配器模式使得原本由于接口不兼容而不能一起工作的那些类可以一起工作。</p>
<p><b>主要解决：</b>主要解决在软件系统中，常常要将一些"现存的对象"放到新的环境中，而新环境要求的接口是现对象不能满足的。</p>
<p><b>何时使用：</b>
1、系统需要使用现有的类，而此类的接口不符合系统的需要。
2、想要建立一个可以重复使用的类，用于与一些彼此之间没有太大关联的一些类，包括一些可能在将来引进的类一起工作，这些源类不一定有一致的接口。
3、通过接口转换，将一个类插入另一个类系中。（比如老虎和飞禽，现在多了一个飞虎，在不增加实体的需求下，增加一个适配器，在里面包容一个虎对象，实现飞的接口。）
</p>
<p><b>如何解决：</b>继承或依赖（推荐）。</p>
<p><b>关键代码：</b>适配器继承或依赖已有的对象，实现想要的目标接口。</p>
<p><b>应用实例：</b>
1、美国电器 110V，中国 220V，就要有一个适配器将 110V 转化为 220V。
2、JAVA JDK 1.1 提供了 Enumeration 接口，而在 1.2 中提供了 Iterator 接口，想要使用 1.2 的 JDK，则要将以前系统的 Enumeration 接口转化为 Iterator 接口，这时就需要适配器模式。
3、在 LINUX 上运行 WINDOWS 程序。
4、JAVA 中的 jdbc。
</p>
<p><b>优点：</b>
1、可以让任何两个没有关联的类一起运行。
2、提高了类的复用。
3、增加了类的透明度。
4、灵活性好。
</p>
<p><b>缺点：</b>
1、过多地使用适配器，会让系统非常零乱，不易整体进行把握。比如，明明看到调用的是 A 接口，其实内部被适配成了 B 接口的实现，一个系统如果太多出现这种情况，无异于一场灾难。因此如果不是很有必要，可以不使用适配器，而是直接对系统进行重构。
2.由于 JAVA 至多继承一个类，所以至多只能适配一个适配者类，而且目标类必须是抽象类。
</p>
<p><b>使用场景：</b>有动机地修改一个正常运行的系统的接口，这时应该考虑使用适配器模式。</p>
<p><b>注意事项：</b>适配器不是在详细设计时添加的，而是解决正在服役的项目的问题。</p>

<h2 class="tutheader">实现</h2>
<p>我们有一个 <i>MediaPlayer</i> 接口和一个实现了 <i>MediaPlayer</i> 接口的实体类 <i>AudioPlayer</i>。默认情况下，<i>AudioPlayer</i> 可以播放 mp3 格式的音频文件。</p>
<p>我们还有另一个接口 <i>AdvancedMediaPlayer</i> 和实现了 <i>AdvancedMediaPlayer</i> 接口的实体类。该类可以播放 vlc 和 mp4 格式的文件。</p>
<p>我们想要让 <i>AudioPlayer</i> 播放其他格式的音频文件。为了实现这个功能，我们需要创建一个实现了 <i>MediaPlayer</i> 接口的适配器类 <i>MediaAdapter</i>，并使用 <i>AdvancedMediaPlayer</i> 对象来播放所需的格式。</p>
<p><i>AudioPlayer</i> 使用适配器类 <i>MediaAdapter</i> 传递所需的音频类型，不需要知道能播放所需格式音频的实际类。<i>AdapterPatternDemo</i> 类使用 <i>AudioPlayer</i> 类来播放各种格式。</p>
<img decoding="async" src="https://www.runoob.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/20210223-adapter.png" alt="适配器模式的 UML 图" />
<h3>步骤 1</h3> 
<p>为媒体播放器和更高级的媒体播放器创建接口。</p>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">MediaPlayer.java</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">interface</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">MediaPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">play</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
</span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span></div>
</div></div>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">AdvancedMediaPlayer.java</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">interface</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">AdvancedMediaPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code"> 
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">playVlc</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">playMp4</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
</span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span></div>
</div></div>
<h3>步骤 2</h3>
<p>创建实现了 <i>AdvancedMediaPlayer</i> 接口的实体类。</p>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">VlcPlayer.java</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">class</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">VlcPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">implements</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">AdvancedMediaPlayer</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
   @</span><span class="hl-identifier">Override</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">playVlc</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-identifier">System</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">out</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">println</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">Playing vlc file. Name: </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">+ </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;      
   </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
 
   @</span><span class="hl-identifier">Override</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">playMp4</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-comment">//</span><span class="hl-comment">什么也不做</span><span class="hl-comment"></span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span></div>
</div></div>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">Mp4Player.java</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">class</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">Mp4Player</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">implements</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">AdvancedMediaPlayer</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
 
   @</span><span class="hl-identifier">Override</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">playVlc</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-comment">//</span><span class="hl-comment">什么也不做</span><span class="hl-comment"></span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
 
   @</span><span class="hl-identifier">Override</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">playMp4</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-identifier">System</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">out</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">println</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">Playing mp4 file. Name: </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">+ </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;      
   </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span></div>
</div></div>
<h3>步骤 3</h3>
<p>创建实现了 <i>MediaPlayer</i> 接口的适配器类。</p>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">MediaAdapter.java</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">class</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">MediaAdapter</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">implements</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">MediaPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
 
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">AdvancedMediaPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">advancedMusicPlayer</span><span class="hl-code">;
 
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">MediaAdapter</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">vlc</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
         </span><span class="hl-identifier">advancedMusicPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-reserved">new</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">VlcPlayer</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;       
      </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">mp4</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
         </span><span class="hl-identifier">advancedMusicPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-reserved">new</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">Mp4Player</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
      </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">  
   </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
 
   @</span><span class="hl-identifier">Override</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">play</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">vlc</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
         </span><span class="hl-identifier">advancedMusicPlayer</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">playVlc</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
      </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">mp4</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
         </span><span class="hl-identifier">advancedMusicPlayer</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">playMp4</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
      </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span></div>
</div></div>
<h3>步骤 4</h3>
<p>创建实现了 <i>MediaPlayer</i> 接口的实体类。</p>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">AudioPlayer.java</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">class</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">AudioPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">implements</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">MediaPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-identifier">MediaAdapter</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">mediaAdapter</span><span class="hl-code">; 
 
   @</span><span class="hl-identifier">Override</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">play</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">    
 
      </span><span class="hl-comment">//</span><span class="hl-comment">播放 mp3 音乐文件的内置支持</span><span class="hl-comment"></span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">mp3</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
         </span><span class="hl-identifier">System</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">out</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">println</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">Playing mp3 file. Name: </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">+ </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;         
      </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code"> 
      </span><span class="hl-comment">//</span><span class="hl-comment">mediaAdapter 提供了播放其他文件格式的支持</span><span class="hl-comment"></span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">if</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">vlc</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> 
         || </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">equalsIgnoreCase</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">mp4</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
         </span><span class="hl-identifier">mediaAdapter</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-reserved">new</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">MediaAdapter</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
         </span><span class="hl-identifier">mediaAdapter</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">play</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">fileName</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
      </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-reserved">else</span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
         </span><span class="hl-identifier">System</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">out</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">println</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">Invalid media. </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">+
            </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioType</span><span class="hl-code"> + </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string"> format not supported</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
      </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">   
</span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span></div>
</div></div>
<h3>步骤 5</h3>
<p>使用 AudioPlayer 来播放不同类型的音频格式。</p>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">AdapterPatternDemo.java</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-reserved">class</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">AdapterPatternDemo</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
   </span><span class="hl-reserved">public</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">static</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-types">void</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">main</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">String</span><span class="hl-brackets">[</span><span class="hl-brackets">]</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">args</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">{</span><span class="hl-code">
      </span><span class="hl-identifier">AudioPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioPlayer</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-reserved">new</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">AudioPlayer</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
 
      </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioPlayer</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">play</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">mp3</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">beyond the horizon.mp3</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
      </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioPlayer</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">play</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">mp4</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">alone.mp4</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
      </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioPlayer</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">play</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">vlc</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">far far away.vlc</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
      </span><span class="hl-identifier">audioPlayer</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">play</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">avi</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">mind me.avi</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">;
   </span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-brackets">}</span></div>
</div></div>
<h3>步骤 6</h3>
<p>执行程序，输出结果：</p>
<pre class="result">
Playing mp3 file. Name: beyond the horizon.mp3
Playing mp4 file. Name: alone.mp4
Playing vlc file. Name: far far away.vlc
Invalid media. avi format not supported
</pre>			<!-- 其他扩展 -->
						
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	<h2 class="">
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				<i style="font-size:28px;margin-top: 8px;" class="fa fa-plus-square" aria-hidden="true"></i>
		    </div>
    <span class="mw-headline" id="qa_headline">5  篇笔记</span>
	<span class="mw-headline" id="user_add_note" style="float:right;line-height: 62px;padding-right: 14px;"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o" aria-hidden="true"></i>  写笔记</span>
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<div id="postcomments"  style="display:none;" >
	<ol class="commentlist">
		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-42319"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comi</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;153***856@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-42319" data-commid = "42319" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">128</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-42319"><p>分享一个例子：笔记本通过读卡去读取TF卡；</p>

<p><strong>一、先模拟计算机读取SD卡：</strong></p>

<p>1、先创建一个SD卡的接口：</p>

<pre>public interface SDCard {
    //读取SD卡方法
    String readSD();
    //写入SD卡功能
    int writeSD(String msg);
}</pre>
<p>2、创建SD卡接口的实现类，模拟SD卡的功能：</p>

<pre>public class SDCardImpl implements SDCard {
    @Override    
    public String readSD() {
        String msg = "sdcard read a msg :hello word SD";
        return msg;  
    }
    @Override  
    public int writeSD(String msg) {      
        System.out.println("sd card write msg : " + msg);    
        return 1;   
    }
}</pre>
<p>3、创建计算机接口，计算机提供读取SD卡方法：</p>

<pre>public interface Computer {    
    String readSD(SDCard sdCard);
}</pre>
<p>4、创建一个计算机实例，实现计算机接口，并实现其读取SD卡方法：</p>

<pre>public class ThinkpadComputer implements Computer {
    @Override    
    public String readSD(SDCard sdCard) {        
        if(sdCard == null)throw new NullPointerException("sd card null");        
        return sdCard.readSD();    
    }
}</pre>
<p>5、这时候就可以模拟计算机读取SD卡功能：</p>

<pre>public class ComputerReadDemo {    
    public static void main(String[] args) {        
        Computer computer = new ThinkpadComputer();        
        SDCard sdCard = new SDCardImpl();       
        System.out.println(computer.readSD(sdCard));    
    }
}</pre>
<p><strong>二、接下来在不改变计算机读取SD卡接口的情况下，通过适配器模式读取TF卡：</strong></p>

<p>1、创建TF卡接口：</p>

<pre>public interface TFCard {    
    String readTF();    
    int writeTF(String msg);
}</pre>
<p>2、创建TF卡实例：</p>

<pre>public class TFCardImpl implements TFCard {    
    @Override    
    public String readTF() {        
        String msg ="tf card reade msg : hello word tf card";        
        return msg;    
    }    
    @Override    
    public int writeTF(String msg) {        
        System.out.println("tf card write a msg : " + msg);        
        return 1;    
    }
}</pre>
<p>3、创建SD适配TF （也可以说是SD兼容TF，相当于读卡器）：</p>

<p>实现SDCard接口，并将要适配的对象作为适配器的属性引入。</p>

<pre>public class SDAdapterTF implements SDCard {    
    private TFCard tfCard;    
    public SDAdapterTF(TFCard tfCard) {        
        this.tfCard = tfCard;    
    }    
    @Override    
    public String readSD() {        
        System.out.println("adapter read tf card ");        
        return tfCard.readTF();    
    }    
    @Override    
    public int writeSD(String msg) {        
        System.out.println("adapter write tf card");        
        return tfCard.writeTF(msg);    
    }
}</pre>
<p>4、通过上面的例子测试计算机通过SD读卡器读取TF卡：</p>

<pre>public class ComputerReadDemo {    
    public static void main(String[] args) {        
        Computer computer = new ThinkpadComputer();        
        SDCard sdCard = new SDCardImpl();        
        System.out.println(computer.readSD(sdCard));        
        System.out.println("====================================");        
        TFCard tfCard = new TFCardImpl();        
        SDCard tfCardAdapterSD = new SDAdapterTF(tfCard);        
        System.out.println(computer.readSD(tfCardAdapterSD));    
    }
}</pre>
<p>输出：</p>

<pre>sdcard read a msg :hello word SD
====================================
adapter read tf card 
tf card reade msg : hello word tf card</pre>

<p>在这种模式下，计算机并不需要知道具体是什么卡，只需要负责操作接口即可，具体操作的什么类，由适配器决定。</p><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">comi</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;comi</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;153***856@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2019-04-29)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-49182"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lonnie</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;354***093@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-49182" data-commid = "49182" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">3</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-49182"><p>Swift 实现:</p>


<pre>struct VlcPlayer: AdvancedMediaPlayer {
    func playVlc(fileName: String) {
        print("Play vlc file. Name:" + fileName)
    }

    func playMP4(fileName: String) {
    }
}

struct MP4Player: AdvancedMediaPlayer {
    func playVlc(fileName: String) {
    }

    func playMP4(fileName: String) {
        print("Play mp4 file. Name:" + fileName)
    }
}

struct MediaAdapter: MediaPlayer {
    let advancedMusicPlayer: AdvancedMediaPlayer

    init(audioType: AudioType) {
        if audioType == .mp4 {
            advancedMusicPlayer = MP4Player()
        } else {
            advancedMusicPlayer = VlcPlayer()
        }
    }

    func play(_ type: AudioType, fileName: String) {
        if type == .mp4 {
            advancedMusicPlayer.playMP4(fileName: fileName)
        } else {
            advancedMusicPlayer.playVlc(fileName: fileName)
        }
    }
}

class AudioPlayer: MediaPlayer {
    var mediaAdapter: MediaAdapter?
    func play(_ type: AudioType, fileName: String) {
        if type == .mp3 {
            print("Play mp3 file. Name:", fileName)
        } else  {
            mediaAdapter = MediaAdapter(audioType: type)
            mediaAdapter?.play(type, fileName: fileName)
        }
    }

    func play(_ type: String, fileName: String) {
        if let type = AudioType(rawValue: type) {
            play(type, fileName: fileName)
        } else {
            print("Invalid media.\(fileName) not supported.")
        }
    }
}

let audioPlayer = AudioPlayer()
audioPlayer.play("mp3", fileName: "beyond the horizon.mp3")
audioPlayer.play("mp4", fileName: "alone.mp4")
audioPlayer.play("vlc", fileName: "far far away.vlc")
audioPlayer.play("flac", fileName: "mind me.avi")</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Lonnie</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lonnie</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;354***093@qq.com</p></div></span>3年前 (2019-12-11)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-51104"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Siskin.xu</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;sis***@sohu.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-51104" data-commid = "51104" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">3</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-51104"><p>Python 方式：</p>
<pre>#Adapter Pattern with Python Code
from abc import abstractmethod,ABCMeta

# 为媒体播放器和更高级的媒体播放器创建接口
class MediaPlayer(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    @abstractmethod
    def play(self, strAudioType, strFilename):
        pass
class AdvancedMediaPlayer(metaclass=ABCMeta):
    @abstractmethod
    def playVlc(self,strFilename):
        pass
    @abstractmethod
    def playMp4(self,strFilename):
        pass

# 实现AdvancedMediaPlayer接口的实体类
class VlcPlayer(AdvancedMediaPlayer):
    def playVlc(self,strFilename):
        print("Playing vlc file. Name: "+strFilename)
    def playMp4(self,strFilename):
        pass
class Mp4Player(AdvancedMediaPlayer):
    def playVlc(self,strFilename):
        pass
    def playMp4(self,strFilename):
        print("Playing MP4 file. Name: " + strFilename)

# 实现MediaPlayer的MediaAdapter实体类
class MediaAdapter(MediaPlayer):
    advancedMusicPlayer = None

    def __init__(self,strAudioType):
        strAudioType = str.lower(strAudioType)
        if strAudioType == "vlc" :
            self.advancedMusicPlayer = VlcPlayer()
        elif strAudioType == "mp4" :
            self.advancedMusicPlayer = Mp4Player()
    def play(self,strAudioType,strFilename):
        if strAudioType == "vlc" :
            self.advancedMusicPlayer.playVlc(strFilename)
        elif strAudioType == "mp4" :
            self.advancedMusicPlayer.playMp4(strFilename)

# 实现MediaPlayer的AudiPlayer实体类
class AudioPlayer(MediaPlayer):
    mediaAdapter = None
    def play(self,strAudioType,strFilename):
        strAudioType = str.lower(strAudioType)
        # 播放MP3音乐文件
        if strAudioType == "mp3" :
            print("Playing mp3 file. Name: "+ strFilename)
        elif (strAudioType == "vlc") or (strAudioType == "mp4") :
            self.mediaAdapter = MediaAdapter(strAudioType)
            self.mediaAdapter.play(strAudioType,strFilename)
        else :
            print("Invalid media. "+ strAudioType + " format not supported.")

# 调用输出
if __name__ == '__main__':
    audioPlayer = AudioPlayer()

    audioPlayer.play("mp3","beyond the horizon.mp3")
    audioPlayer.play("mp4","alone.mp4")
    audioPlayer.play("vlc", "far far away.vlc")
    audioPlayer.play("avi", "mind me.avi")</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">Siskin.xu</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Siskin.xu</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;sis***@sohu.com</p></div></span>3年前 (2020-03-01)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-53599"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;泡水鱼干</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;626***755@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-53599" data-commid = "53599" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">4</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-53599"><p>PHP 实现:</p>

<pre>interface MediaPlayer
{
    public function play(string $audioType, string $fileName);
}

interface AdvancedMediaPlayer
{
    public function playVlc(string $fileName);

    public function playMp4(string $fileName);
}

// 接口实体类
class VlcPlayer implements AdvancedMediaPlayer
{

    public function playVlc(string $fileName)
    {
        echo "Playing vlc file. Name: " . $fileName.PHP_EOL;
    }

    public function playMp4(string $fileName)
    {
        // TODO: Implement playMp4() method.
    }
}

// 接口实体类
class Mp4Player implements AdvancedMediaPlayer
{

    public function playVlc(string $fileName)
    {
        // TODO: Implement playVlc() method.
    }

    public function playMp4(string $fileName)
    {
        echo "Playing mp4 file. Name: " . $fileName.PHP_EOL;
    }
}

// 适配器类
class MediaAdapter implements MediaPlayer
{
    private $_advancedMediaPlayer;

    public function __construct(string $audioType)
    {
        if ($audioType == "vlc") {
            $this-&gt;_advancedMediaPlayer = new VlcPlayer();
        } else if ($audioType == "mp4") {
            $this-&gt;_advancedMediaPlayer = new Mp4Player();
        }
    }

    public function play(string $audioType, string $fileName)
    {
        // TODO: Implement play() method.
        if ($audioType == 'vlc') {
            $this-&gt;_advancedMediaPlayer-&gt;playVlc($fileName);
        } elseif ($audioType == 'mp4') {
            $this-&gt;_advancedMediaPlayer-&gt;playMp4($fileName);
        }
    }
}


class AudioPlayer implements MediaPlayer
{
    private $_mediaAdaper;

    public function play(string $audioType, string $fileName)
    {
        // TODO: Implement play() method.
        if ($audioType == 'mp3') {
            echo "Playing mp3 file. name: " . $fileName.PHP_EOL;
        } elseif ($audioType == 'vlc' || $audioType == 'mp4') {
            $this-&gt;_mediaAdaper = new MediaAdapter($audioType);
            $this-&gt;_mediaAdaper-&gt;play($audioType, $fileName);
        } else {
            echo "Invalid media. audioType: " . $audioType . " format not supported".PHP_EOL;
        }

    }
}

class Demo
{
    public static function main()
    {
        $audioPlayer = new AudioPlayer();
        $audioPlayer-&gt;play('mp3', 'beyond the horizon.mp3');
        $audioPlayer-&gt;play("mp4", "alone.mp4");
        $audioPlayer-&gt;play("vlc", "far far away.vlc");
        $audioPlayer-&gt;play("avi", "mind me.avi");

    }
}

Demo::main();</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">泡水鱼干</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;泡水鱼干</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;626***755@qq.com</p></div></span>3年前 (2020-05-13)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-70254"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lz</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;luz***1226@126.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-70254" data-commid = "70254" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">3</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-70254"><p>把 @<span class="marked">comi</span> 的例子用 C++ 实现了一遍:</p>

<pre>// @brief SD卡接口类
class SD
{
public:
    virtual string read() = 0;
    virtual void write(const string&amp;) = 0;
};
// @brief SD卡实例
class SDCard : public SD
{
private:
    string storage; // SD卡的存储空间
public:
    SDCard() {}
    string read() { return storage; }
    void write(const string&amp; s) { storage = s; }

};
// @brief 计算机接口,只能读写SD卡
class Computer
{
public:
    virtual void insertSD(const shared_ptr&lt;SD&gt; &amp;) = 0;
    virtual string readSD() = 0;
    virtual void writeSD(const string&amp;) = 0;
};
// @brief 具体计算机
class HuaWeiComputer : public Computer
{
private:
    shared_ptr&lt;SD&gt; sd_slot; // SD卡插槽
public:
    HuaWeiComputer() {}
    void insertSD(const shared_ptr&lt;SD&gt;&amp; sd) { sd_slot = sd; }
    string readSD() { if (sd_slot != nullptr) { return sd_slot-&gt;read(); } else { return (string)"[no sd card]"; } }
    void writeSD(const string&amp; s) { if (sd_slot != nullptr) { sd_slot-&gt;write(s); } }
};
// @brief TF卡接口类
class TF
{
public:
    virtual string read() = 0;
    virtual void write(const string&amp;) = 0;
};
// @brief TF卡实例
class TFCard : public TF
{
private:
    string storage; // TF卡的存储空间
public:
    TFCard() {}
    string read() { return storage; }
    void write(const string&amp; s) { storage = s; }
};
// @brief TF转SD卡适配器
class SDAdapterTF : public SD
{
private:
    shared_ptr&lt;TF&gt; tf_slot; // TF卡插槽
public:
    void insertTF(const shared_ptr&lt;TF&gt;&amp; tf) { tf_slot = tf; }
    string read() { if (tf_slot != nullptr) { return tf_slot-&gt;read(); } else { return (string)"[no tf card]"; } }
    void write(const string&amp; s) { if (tf_slot != nullptr) { tf_slot-&gt;write(s); } }
};

// main 中执行
void demo()
{
    // 计算机读写SD卡demo
    shared_ptr&lt;SD&gt; sd(new SDCard());// 新建SD卡
    shared_ptr&lt;Computer&gt; pc(new HuaWeiComputer());// 新建电脑
    cout &lt;&lt; "[1] " &lt;&lt; pc-&gt;readSD() &lt;&lt; endl; // 控制台输出：[1] [no sd card]
    pc-&gt;insertSD(sd);// TF卡插入电脑
    pc-&gt;writeSD("写入SD卡一些东西");
    cout &lt;&lt; "[2] " &lt;&lt; pc-&gt;readSD() &lt;&lt; endl;  // 控制台输出：[2] 写入SD卡一些东西
    // 计算机通过适配器读写TF卡demo
    shared_ptr&lt;TF&gt; tf(new TFCard());
    shared_ptr&lt;SDAdapterTF&gt; adaptr(new SDAdapterTF()); // 新建一个适配器
    pc-&gt;insertSD((shared_ptr&lt;SD&gt;)adaptr);// 适配器插入电脑
    cout &lt;&lt; "[3] " &lt;&lt; pc-&gt;readSD() &lt;&lt; endl; // 控制台输出：[3] [no tf card]
    adaptr-&gt;insertTF(tf);// TF卡插入适配器
    pc-&gt;writeSD("写入TF卡一些东西");
    cout &lt;&lt; "[4] " &lt;&lt; pc-&gt;readSD() &lt;&lt; endl; // 控制台输出：[4] 写入TF卡一些东西
}</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">lz</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lz</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;luz***1226@126.com</p></div></span>1年前 (2022-02-11)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
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	});
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		if (re.test(um_id)) { 
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				action: "pinglun_zan",
				um_id: um_id,
				um_action: "ding"
			};
			//console.log(ajax_data);
			$.post(ajaxurl,ajax_data,function(status){
				//if(status.vote_num>999) {
				//	_voteHtml = '<span style="display: block; text-align: center;font-size: 20px; color: #6a737c; margin: 8px 0;">'+kFormatter(status.vote_num) +'</span>';
				//	$("#runoobvote-id-" + um_id + " .count").hide().after(_voteHtml);
				//}
				
			});
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				$("#runoobvote-id-" + value.commid + " .count").text(value.upvote_count);
			})
		},'json');
		
	}
	
	
});
function isBlank(str) {
    return (!str || /^\s*$/.test(str));
}
function kFormatter(num) {
	// return num;
    return Math.abs(num) > 999 ? Math.sign(num)*((Math.abs(num)/1000).toFixed(1)) + 'k' : Math.sign(num)*Math.abs(num)
}

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